Introduction to Earth Science

What is Earth Science?

Earth Science is actually the study of four separate sciences which all strive to understand the Earth processes. The first of these four branches is Astronomy, the study of the universe.


The second branch is oceanography, which is not truly its own separate science, but a blending of biology, geology, chemistry, and physics. A comprehensive study of how these disciplines interact and interrelate.


Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and its processes that produce weather and climate.


Finally, geology, study of the Earth, is broken down into two divisions: physical geology and historical geology. Physical geology studies the processes of the Earth like mountain building, earthquakes, volcanoes, and weathering. Both internal Earth forces and external Earth forces are studied in physical geology along with Earth composition.


The second division of geology, historical geology seeks to understand the formation and development of the Earth. Major physical and biological changes of the Earth are studied in this division.




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